农(nong)村(cun)污水处(chu)理投资(zi)建(jian)设(she)运(yun)营浅析
随着环(huan)境(jing)保护(hu)意识的(de)(de)(de)(de)逐渐增强，人(ren)(ren)们(men)对(dui)青山绿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)希望更(geng)为(wei)迫切，村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)作为(wei)环(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)环(huan)，对(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)质环(huan)境(jing)起着重(zhong)要作用(yong)(yong)。根据近些年(nian)来(lai)部分(fen)地(di)区(qu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)经(jing)验来(lai)看，国内多数县(xian)镇(zhen)(zhen)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)对(dui)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)还没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)个清醒的(de)(de)(de)(de)认(ren)识，对(dui)于污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投资造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价、运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)维护(hu)费(fei)用(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度等都没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)准确的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解。1.村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)总价低(di)，人(ren)(ren)均(jun)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价高(gao)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)区(qu)由于村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)庄较(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)分(fen)散(san)、规模普(pu)(pu)遍较(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)、人(ren)(ren)口密(mi)集度低(di)，导(dao)致农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)区(qu)单个村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)庄污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)规模有(you)(you)限，对(dui)于出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)质要求较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)区(qu)通(tong)常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)体化污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，结(jie)合其(qi)格珊调节池(chi)和(he)(he)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)等，单个污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)站总造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价在(zai)150万(wan)左右，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)网（不(bu)计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)住(zhu)宅内管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)网改造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)）约为(wei)300万(wan)，折合户(hu)均(jun)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价在(zai)1.2万(wan)以上，如(ru)果(guo)建设(she)(she)(she)场地(di)在(zai)南方更(geng)为(wei)分(fen)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)地(di)区(qu)，户(hu)均(jun)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价更(geng)高(gao)。2.村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)维护(hu)费(fei)用(yong)(yong)较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)很(hen)多地(di)方在(zai)做农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)PPP项目时，参照城市污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)厂的(de)(de)(de)(de)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)测算(suan)(suan)(suan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)单价较(jiao)(jiao)低(di)，与(yu)实际严(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)符，而在(zai)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)网的(de)(de)(de)(de)维护(hu)费(fei)用(yong)(yong)测算(suan)(suan)(suan)时，也参照城市污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)网，造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)网设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)单价较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，更(geng)是与(yu)实际严(yan)重(zhong)不(bu)符。这导(dao)致很(hen)多项目投入(ru)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)后(hou)，成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)审计(ji)(ji)部门对(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)审计(ji)(ji)时往往分(fen)开计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，就低(di)不(bu)就高(gao)，给(ji)PPP投资人(ren)(ren)带来(lai)巨(ju)大损失。村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)规模较(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)、较(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)散(san)，必然造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)维护(hu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)较(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，按(an)照财务(wu)测算(suan)(suan)(suan)推(tui)荐的(de)(de)(de)(de)计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)方法，普(pu)(pu)遍应在(zai)2.8元/吨(dun)以上（日(ri)常(chang)维护(hu)费(fei)和(he)(he)大修基金***终按(an)实结(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)），农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)网根据所在(zai)地(di)区(qu)、设(she)(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，可按(an)照0.5-1.4万(wan)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)估算(suan)(suan)(suan)。3.村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度需(xu)完善在(zai)对(dui)已建的(de)(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)调查后(hou)，在(zai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)未成(cheng)(cheng)规模建设(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)县(xian)镇(zhen)(zhen)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)，几乎90%的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)正常(chang)运(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要原因(yin)在(zai)于设(she)(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)合理(li)(li)(li)(li)（没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)对(dui)后(hou)期运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)提供便利的(de)(de)(de)(de)条件）、后(hou)续运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)资金的(de)(de)(de)(de)匮乏、没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)技术人(ren)(ren)才、没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)合理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)运(yun)(yun)营(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度。其(qi)中(zhong)，在(zai)设(she)(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)期间没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)对(dui)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)镇(zhen)(zhen)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)设(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)充分(fen)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)考虑，是造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)不(bu)能正常(chang)运(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要因(yin)素之一(yi)(yi)，且多数地(di)区(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)设(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)由厂家提供，没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)计(ji)(ji)。
