钠-钙双碱法脱硫系统
一、产(chan)品概述钠(na)-钙(gai)(gai)(gai)双碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法[NaOH或Na2CO3/Ca(OH)2]脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)艺(yi),是(shi)在(zai)石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)石-石膏(gao)法的(de)(de)基础上结合钠(na)碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法发(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)来的(de)(de)一种目前(qian)国(guo)内(nei)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)艺(yi)。该(gai)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系统是(shi)利用钠(na)盐(yan)易(yi)溶于水(shui)(shui)来吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)烟(yan)(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)SO2,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)利用石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)粉再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。由于整个反(fan)应(ying)(ying)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)之间进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)速(su)率(lv)高(gao)(gao),液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比(bi)低(di)(di)(di)(di),吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)剂(ji)利用率(lv)高(gao)(gao),投资(zi)费(fei)用省,运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)(di)(di)(di)。脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)为烟(yan)(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)与脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)内(nei)若(ruo)干层数十(shi)支(zhi)喷(pen)嘴喷(pen)出的(de)(de)细微雾化液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)滴(di)进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)充分(fen)(fen)汽液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)混合接触,使烟(yan)(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中SO2被脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)充分(fen)(fen)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、反(fan)应(ying)(ying),达(da)(da)到脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)尘除SO2的(de)(de)目的(de)(de),经脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)洗涤(di)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)烟(yan)(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)再(zai)(zai)经脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)顶部(bu)除雾器(qi)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)进(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)烟(yan)(yan)囱(cong)排入(ru)大(da)(da)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi);脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)循(xun)(xun)(xun)环(huan)(huan)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)经塔(ta)底管(guan)道流(liu)入(ru)沉(chen)淀池(chi),上清液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)经上部(bu)溢出进(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)池(chi),在(zai)池(chi)内(nei)与石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)乳(ru)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反(fan)应(ying)(ying),再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)流(liu)入(ru)泵前(qian)循(xun)(xun)(xun)环(huan)(huan)槽补(bu)入(ru)Na2CO3,由泵打入(ru)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)塔(ta)顶脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)除SO2循(xun)(xun)(xun)环(huan)(huan)使用。脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)产(chan)物经氧化***终是(shi)石膏(gao)浆(jiang)CaSO4。二、钠(na)-钙(gai)(gai)(gai)双碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)艺(yi)优点:Ø脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)(gao):钠(na)钙(gai)(gai)(gai)双碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法【NaOH/Ca(OH)2】采用钠(na)碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)烟(yan)(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)SO2,钠(na)碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)作为强碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)、反(fan)应(ying)(ying)快(kuai)(kuai)且充分(fen)(fen),吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)剂(ji)利用率(lv)高(gao)(gao),脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)效(xiao)率(lv)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)达(da)(da)到90%以(yi)上;Ø技术成(cheng)熟,运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao),不会因脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)设备故障影(ying)响(xiang)煅烧的(de)(de)安全运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);Ø操作弹(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da),对(dui)(dui)煤种变(bian)化的(de)(de)适(shi)应(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)强。用碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作为脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)剂(ji),工(gong)艺(yi)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)效(xiao)果好,可(ke)根(gen)据(ju)煅烧炉(lu)石油焦含硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)变(bian)化,选择适(shi)当液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比(bi)等因素(su),以(yi)保(bao)证设计(ji)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)率(lv)的(de)(de)实现;Ø再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)和(he)(he)(he)沉(chen)淀分(fen)(fen)离在(zai)塔(ta)外,脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)内(nei)主要是(shi)可(ke)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)钠(na)碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)循(xun)(xun)(xun)环(huan)(huan),从(cong)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)上克服了(le)用石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)作为脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)剂(ji)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)道内(nei)的(de)(de)结垢(gou)问题;Ø钠(na)碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)循(xun)(xun)(xun)环(huan)(huan)利用,损耗少,运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)(di)(di)(di);Ø正常操作下(xia)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)无废水(shui)(shui)排放;Ø灰(hui)(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)易(yi)沉(chen)淀分(fen)(fen)离,可(ke)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)池(chi)的(de)(de)投资(zi);Ø脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)渣无毒,溶解(jie)度极小,无二次污染(ran),可(ke)综合利用;Ø钠(na)碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)剂(ji)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)、吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)速(su)度快(kuai)(kuai),可(ke)降低(di)(di)(di)(di)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比(bi),从(cong)而既(ji)可(ke)降低(di)(di)(di)(di)运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)费(fei)用,又(you)可(ke)减少水(shui)(shui)池(chi)、水(shui)(shui)泵和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)道的(de)(de)投资(zi);Ø石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)作再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)剂(ji)(实际(ji)消耗物),廉价(jia)易(yi)得(de),运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)(di)(di)(di)。三、钠(na)-钙(gai)(gai)(gai)双碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)艺(yi)原理钠(na)-钙(gai)(gai)(gai)双碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法【Na2CO3/Ca(OH)2】采用纯碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)启动(dong),钠(na)钙(gai)(gai)(gai)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)SO2、石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)方法。其(qi)基本(ben)(ben)化学原理可(ke)分(fen)(fen)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng):【脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)】Na2CO3+SO2→Na2SO3+CO2(1)2NaOH+SO2→Na2CO3+H2O(2)Na2CO3+SO2+H2O→NaHSO3(3)(1)式(shi)(shi)为吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)启动(dong)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi);(2)式(shi)(shi)为主要反(fan)应(ying)(ying)式(shi)(shi),pH>9(碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)较高(gao)(gao)时)(3)式(shi)(shi)为当碱(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)降低(di)(di)(di)(di)到中性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)甚***酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)时(5<pH<9)【再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)】2NaHSO3+Ca(OH)2→Na2SO3++CaSO3↓+2H2O(4)Na2SO3+Ca(OH)2→2NaOH+CaSO3↓(5)CaSO3+1/2O2→CaSO4(6)在(zai)石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)浆(jiang)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)达(da)(da)到饱和(he)(he)(he)状(zhuang)况)中,中性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(两性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))的(de)(de)NaHSO3很(hen)快(kuai)(kuai)跟(gen)石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)从(cong)而释放出[Na+],随(sui)后(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)[SO32-]又(you)继续跟(gen)石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)反(fan)应(ying)(ying),反(fan)应(ying)(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)亚硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)钙(gai)(gai)(gai)以(yi)半水(shui)(shui)化合物形式(shi)(shi)慢慢沉(chen)淀下(xia)来,从(cong)而使[Na+]得(de)到再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)恢复对(dui)(dui)SO2的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)能(neng)力(li),循(xun)(xun)(xun)环(huan)(huan)使用。脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)副产(chan)物为亚硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)钙(gai)(gai)(gai)和(he)(he)(he)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)钙(gai)(gai)(gai),业主根(gen)据(ju)自己的(de)(de)需要,对(dui)(dui)副产(chan)品进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)处理。四、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)保(bao)证★脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)(gao),一般≥90%。★脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系统阻力(li)低(di)(di)(di)(di),△P≤800Pa。★循(xun)(xun)(xun)环(huan)(huan)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)反(fan)应(ying)(ying)充分(fen)(fen)。★脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)(hou)烟(yan)(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)残余水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)≤75mg/Nm3
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